# Grade Schema ## Overview Paradigm supports the use of concurrent grading systems to give providers flexibility on how academic outcomes are awarded to course enrolments, unit enrolments, and assessments. The grading system within Paradigm is also equipped to handle changes to grading schemas that are necessary to make over time. This knowledge article will provide a detailed workflow on how you can search, add, and edit grade items according to the business requirements of your institution. ## Key Terms and Concepts ### Grade Types {% hint style="danger" %} **BE ADVISED**: The choice of grade schema at a unit enrolment or assessment level can be defined against each unique base course record. If the grade schema is not defined then the system will default to using Assessment Grade and Unit Grade. {% endhint %} The default configuration of Paradigm includes a set of generic grade types that reflect common grading systems used by Australian-based education providers. * Assessment Grade = default grading system used when marking assessments within Paradigm * Competency Grade = a Competent / Not Yet Competent grading system intended for use by VET providers * Course Grade = defines the set of progression statuses that can be assigned to a student's course enrolment * ELICOS = basic grading system intended for Providers offering language studies * Unit Grade = default grading system used within Paradigm for assigning academic outcomes to student unit enrolments ### Grade Point Average (GPA) The acronym GPA stands for grade point average, which in turn requires the allocation of grade points to each unit enrolment outcome. Specifically, this involves allocating a grade point value (e.g. 5) to a specific letter score (e.g. credit). Australian providers differ on the exact grade point scale to use, but the process is always the same. For comparison [Academic grading in Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Australia) Grade Point Average (GPA) is a summary statistic that represents a student’s average performance in their studies over a stated period of time, such as one semester or over the entire course. GPAs are numbers that are often calculated to two decimal places. They are used as indicators of average grade (numerically) to provide a less ambiguous and more concrete measure of student performance than a lettered grade. GPA is also used for sorting groups of students into rank order for awards and merits. Paradigm implements GPA in a way that reflects industry practice. It requires the allocation of grade points to each unit enrolment outcome. Specifically, this involves allocating a grade point value (e.g. 5) to a specific letter score (e.g. credit). Australian providers differ on the exact grade point scale to use, but the process is always the same. We implemented GPA in a way that reflects industry practice. You may define your own GPA scale by adding the relevant information to the grading schema defined in the user interface, Go to **SYSTEM** > **Search Grade Type** > search for **UNIT\_GRADE** >, and then Edit **Grade Points** against each **Grade Type**. GPA is calculated as: $$ GPA = Σ(Grade Points) / Number of Units $$ ### Weighted Grade Point Average (Weighted GPA) This value represents the weighted grade points for all unit enrolments that contain a grade point value. ie The grade points are not blank. The formula for this field is as follows $$ Weighted GPA = Σ(Grade Points \* UnitCreditPoints)/Σ(Credit Points) $$ ### Weighted Average Mark (WAM) The Weighted Average Mark (WAM) calculation requires the following fields to be populated within Paradigm: * Grade description (student unit enrolment) * Final Grade Percentage (student unit enrolment) * Credit points (student unit enrolment and/or base unit) * Grade Point (grade schema) Weighted Average Mark is calculated based on the rule that a unit enrolment has been assigned a published grade that has a Grade Point value attached to the associated grade schema. You can check that by going to **System** > **Search Grade Type** > Search for **UNIT\_GRADE**, and check whether Grade Points have been set against each grade. Weighted Average Mark (WAM) is calculated based on a student’s actual marks (e.g. 58, 65, and so on) and the year level and weighting level defined at each base unit. **If no weighting level is defined at the base unit then the system will assume a weighting of one.** $$ WeightedMarks = Σ(UnitMark*UnitCreditPoints*UnitWeightingLevel) $$ $$ Weighted Credit Points = Σ(UnitCreditPoints\*UnitWeightingLevel) $$ $$ WeightedGPA = Weighted Marks/WeightedCreditPoints $$ Here is the detailed calculation method the system follows: * Multiply the unit mark (Final Grade Percentage) by the unit credit point value (Credit Points) and then by the weighting level * Sum the resulting values (Weighted Marks) * Multiply the unit credit point value (Credit Points) by the weighting level * Sum the resulting values (Weighted Credit Points) * Divide the sum of the Weighted Marks by the sum of the Weighted Credit Points * Calculate to three decimal places. You can find the Calculated WAM button on the student’s course enrolment page. | **Unit** | **Credit Points** | **GPA** | **Weighting Level** | **Mark** | **Grade** | **Included In WAM** | **Weighted Marks** | **Weighted Credit Points** | | ---------- | ----------------- | ------- | ------------------- | -------- | --------- | ------------------- | ------------------ | -------------------------- | | WAM101 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 22 | F | Yes | 12 X 1 X 22 = 264 | 12 x 1 = 12 | | WAM102 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 78 | D | Yes | 12 x 1 X 78 = 936 | 12 x 1 = 12 | | WAM103 | 12 | | 1 | 90 | HD | NO | NA | NA | | WAM104 | 12 | 2 | 1 | | E | NO | NA | NA | | WAM105 | 12 | 3 | | 68 | C | YES | 12 x 1 x 68 = 816 | 12 x 1 = 12 | | WAM106 | | 5 | 2 | 99 | HD | NO | NA | NA | | WAM107 | 12 | 6 | 2 | 91 | HD | YES | 12 x 2 x 91 = 2184 | 12 x 2 = 24 | | WAM108 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 80 | D | YES | 8 x 2 x 80 = 1280 | 8 x 2 = 16 | | **Totals** | **5480** | **76** | | | | | | | Using the above table the WAM is calculated as follows: **5480 / 76 = 72.10** ### Grades and Enrolment Status Code Certain grades need to be paired with enrolment status codes. e.g. a Fail grade needs to be paired with a Failed Status code so that the student is able to re-take the unit again in a subsequent study period and report the failed TCSI status code for the unit, *see* [Map Status and Code Items to TCSI Values](/home/paradigm-knowledge-base/system-configuration/workflows/map-status-and-code-items-to-tcsi-values.md) Refer to the workflow [below ](#d-set-the-unit-enrolment-status-for-a-grade-item)\[[**D. Set the Unit Enrolment Status for a Grade Item**](#d-set-the-unit-enrolment-status-for-a-grade-item)] for the instructions on how to automatically set the Unit Enrolment Status when a Grade is set. {% hint style="info" %} **NOTE**: The mapping below is just a suggestion, the final decision on how you map your grades to Unit Enrolment statuses is institution-specific and in accordance with your institution's procedures and business rules. {% endhint %} | **Enrolment Status Code** | **Grade** | | ------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Enrolled | No Grade / Select Grade | | Completed | | | Failed | Fail | | Exempt | | | Incomplete | Incomplete | | Withdrawn | | | Audit | Audit | ### Multiple Grade Schema Multiple grades schema can be used in Paradigm at the same time for different Courses. For example, a VET level course uses **Competency Achieved** / **Competency not Achieved** as opposed to a Higher Education Course that uses the **HD**, **DN**, **CR**, **P**, **F** system. When a Course of Study is established, the grading schema to be used for it can be selected as part of the setup. This is achieved by setting the Unit Grade type and the Assessment Grade type options within the Course record. When this option has not been set or selected (the field is left blank) the system will default to using the **unit\_grade** for the grading system. ### Percentages and Grades {% hint style="info" %} **NOTE**: When final grades are either entered or imported from LMS (e.g. Blackboard or Moodle) the system won't round grades up or down. {% endhint %} For example, if a **CR** requires a minimum grade of 60.0 and the student achieves a 59.99 the grade will be recorded as the lower grade of a **Pass**. ## Implications {% hint style="danger" %} **BE ADVISED**: Changing any of the grade values will cause historical reports to print according to the new grade values. Consult with your "Nominated Contact Person" or other Paradigm Expert before making any changes. If you are the "Nominated Contact Person" or Paradigm Expert for your institution and need further help, please consult [Silverband Support](https://silverband.atlassian.net/servicedesk/customer/user/login?destination=portals) for more information. {% endhint %} {% hint style="info" %} **NOTE**: Updating the grading system is not a frequent or regular occurrence, and is usually done when the institution is changing from one grading system to another e.g. from numerical grades to letter grades, or when adding a new grading system (e.g. Vocational Learning of Competency Achieved, Competency not Achieved). {% endhint %} ## Workflows ### (A) Search for a Grade Type If you want to search for a Grade Type by Id or a keyword of the Grade System, you can do so by typing in the **Grade Type Id** field and click the **SEARCH GRADE TYPES** button. However, if you want to search for all the Grade Types to display, follow the instructions below. 1. Choose the **System** menu > **Search Grade Type** > Click the **SEARCH GRADE TYPES** button.

searching for a grade type

2. After doing the steps above, a list of all Grade Types will appear as shown below. Select the hyperlink next to the Grade type to be viewed (e.g. Assessment Grade, Competency Grade, Course Grade, ELICOS Grade, or Unit Grade).

Selecting the UNIT GRADE type to view

3. After selecting a **Grade Type** to view, a screen the same as below will display all the possible grades a student can achieve on that specific **Grade Type**.

Unit Grade Items

In the example above, all possible grades a student can get after completing a unit are displayed. ### (B) Add a New Grade Item to a Grade Type 1. Search for the Grade Type that you want to add a possible Grade Item to, refer to the [above ](#a-search-for-a-grade-type)workflow on [how to search and load a Grade Type](#a-search-for-a-grade-type). 2. After selecting a **Grade Type** to add another possible grade item, a screen the same as below will display all the possible grades a student can achieve for that specific **Grade Type**. Click the **ADD GRADE** button to add another possible **Grade** of that chosen **Grade Type**.

adding a Grade Item to a Unit Type grade

3. A form to add another possible grade of your chosen **Grade Type** will appear. Fill out the “**GRADE ITEM DETAILS**” Form. Refer to the guide below: * **Grade Id** – A unique ID Code that you choose for your institution, that identifies this specific grade within this grade type. * **Grade Type Id** – System-generated code that identifies the grade type, and is common across all grade items of that same grade type id. * **Grade** – Abbreviated code for the grade item e.g. HD, DN CR * **Grade Points** – The number of points contributed to the **Grade Point Average** and the calculation of the **Weighted Average Mark**. * **Order** – The order or sequence number for the grade item to appear in dropbox. * **Visibility** – This allows you to choose whether the grade item appears in relevant dropdowns, by setting the visibility status to **Hidden** or **Visible**. * **Description** – Full name of the grade item e.g. High Distinction, Distinction, Credit, etc. * **Descriptor** – \[Optional] An alternative description used for a system-generated report. {% hint style="danger" %} **BE ADVISED**: Setting the Minimum and Maximum Mark should not overlap with other grade items within the same grade type id, otherwise, Paradigm won’t know which grade to choose to make the conditions true. {% endhint %} * **Minimum Mark** – The minimum percentage grade required to achieve this grade. * **Maximum Mark** – The maximum percentage grade required to achieve this grade. * **Result Status** – The unit status that is paired with this grade item e.g. when setting a pass equivalent the status should be "**Completed**", and when setting a fail equivalent the status should be "**Fail**". * **Contributes to Credit Points** – Indicates whether this result contributes to a **Grade Point Average**. * **Outcome Identifier - National** – The AVETMISS-compliant national code for this grade identifies this result. This field is not required and should be left blank for Higher Education Grading System. * **Allowed to Recalculate** – If set to **NO**, this will not change the final unit outcome. * **Final Mark Result** – This field is only to be used at the Assessment Level. If a student obtains enough marks or less to pass a unit but still fails on the hurdle condition.

Sample Grade Item fields added

4. Once all the details have been filled out, click the **SAVE GRADE** button to add the newly created possible grade a student can get on that **Grade Type**. ### (C) Edit an Existing Grade Item 1. Search for the Grade Type that you want to edit a Grade Item to, refer to the [above ](#a-search-for-a-grade-type)workflow on [how to search and load a Grade Type](#a-search-for-a-grade-type). 2. After selecting a **Grade Type** to edit, a screen the same as below will display all the possible grades a student can achieve within that specific **Grade Type**. Locate the **Grade item** that you want to edit and click the **PENCIL** icon to edit.

Editing a Unit Grade Type Credit Grade Item

3. A form to edit the details and conditions of the chosen possible grade under a **Grade Type** will appear. Update the fields as necessary, while ensuring that any fields that must be unique, are not changed to overwrite an existing record with that value. 4. After editing the fields, click the **SAVE GRADE** button to apply the changes. ### (D) Set the Unit Enrolment Status for a Grade Item 1. Edit the existing grade item where you want to set the Unit Enrolment Status, *see the* [*above*](#c-edit-an-existing-grade-item) *workflow* 2. With the Grade Item Details loaded, set the **Result Status** field to its equivalent Unit Enrolment status. In the sample screenshot below, the HD grade is mapped to a **Completed** Unit Enrolment status.

mapping a Unit Grade to a Unit Enrolment Status

{% hint style="success" %} **SUCCESS**: The Grade Item is now mapped to a Unit Enrolment Status. If the Grade Item is selected as the grade of the Unit Enrolment, the Unit Enrolment Status will now automatically be set to the **Result Status** value that you have set it to. Note that if the Result Status that you have set is a TCSI-reportable status, the Unit Enrolment \[[E355](https://www.tcsisupport.gov.au/element/355)] is also sent to TCSI accordingly, *see* [Map Status and Code Items to TCSI Values](/home/paradigm-knowledge-base/system-configuration/workflows/map-status-and-code-items-to-tcsi-values.md). {% endhint %} --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://docs.silverband.com.au/home/paradigm-knowledge-base/system-configuration/workflows/grade-schema.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.